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embolism as well as on major bleeding in centers that achieved a TTR of 66% or better (P of interaction 0.60 and 0.022, respectively). As with any antithrombotic treatment, anticoagulation with VKA bears the risk of bleeding complications which are regarded as the main adverse event of anticoagulant treatment. In our analysis, minor bleeding complications were infrequently recorded with \1 event per patient-year. More than half of these events were bruises, which are generally without any clinical relevance, and nosebleeds. Table 4 Multivariate analysis for TTR and critical values Influencer TTR Critical INR values per month Coefficient (%) Std. error (%) P 95% CI (%) Coefficient Std. error P 95% CI Device: INRatio2 vs. CoaguChek -1.0 0.4 0.008 -1.7 -0.3 -0.002 0.007 0.826 -0.016 0.013 Gender: female vs. male -1.9 0.4 \0.001 -2.6 -1.1 0.048 0.008 \0.001 0.033 0.063 Age at program start (years) 0.0 0.0 0.454 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000 0.894 -0.001 0.001 Length of monitoring (log days) 0.6 0.2 0.001 0.2 0.9 -0.011 0.003 0.001 -0.018 -0.004 INR therapeutic range (vs. 2.0–3.5) 2.5–4.0 -5.3 0.6 \0.001 -6.4 -4.1 0.082 0.011 \0.001 0.060 0.104 Others -0.8 0.8 0.312 -2.4 0.8 0.023 0.016 0.143 -0.008 0.055 Primary indication (vs. AF, no MHV) AF and MHV -0.2 1.8 0.920 -3.7 3.3 0.015 0.035 0.661 -0.053 0.083 MHV, no AF 3.0 0.8 \0.001 1.4 4.6 -0.037 0.016 0.022 -0.069 -0.005 DVT 0.0 0.5 0.967 -1.1 1.0 -0.001 0.011 0.956 -0.021 0.020 Others 0.1 0.5 0.820 -0.9 1.1 -0.005 0.010 0.593 -0.025 0.014 Phenprocoumon vs. acenocoumarol 3.1 0.4 \0.001 2.2 4.0 -0.015 0.009 0.092 -0.031 0.002 Constant 84.9 1.6 \0.001 81.7 88.2 0.127 \0.001 0.000 0.064 0.190 Multiple regression of patient characteristics on TTR (overall ANOVA P\0.0001; r2 = 0.0419) and critical values (overall ANOVA P\0.0001; r2 = 0.028) P values in bold are below the threshold for significance (0.05) AF atrial fibrillation, CI confidence interval, DVT deep vein thrombosis, INR international normalized ratio, MHV mechanical heart valves, TTR time in therapeutic range, defined in this setting to include an additional 0.5 INR units (e.g. therapeutic range 2.0–3.5 for an international target range of 2.0–3.0) Adv Ther

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