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Samuel Mendes da Costa Samuel Mendes da Costa (1862-1943) was appointed Van Haren Noman’s successor in 1898 and took office with a lecture entitled “Some aspects of fighting dermatoses”. Initially, Mendes da Costa also focused on the control of infectious diseases. He used epidemiological techniques and helped to start special clinics. He also introduced new therapeutic techniques such as Finsen rays and X-rays. The latter (applied as so-called röntgen epilation) was successful in special favus-patient clinics, ending the endemic presence of trichophytic tinea capitis. Mendes da Costa wrote the first handbook of dermatology in the Dutch language, initially collabo- rating with Dr. Alexander Nathan van Praag. Later, he also wrote a mono- graph on venereology. He enjoyed a great international reputation and his name still lives on as an eponym for several - albeit rare - dermatological diseases. Willem Lambertus Leonard Carol Willem Lambertus Leonard Carol (1879-1951), appointed in 1930, was a highly productive dermatologist who had received his training in Berlin and Hamburg. During the First World War he worked at a private dermatological practice in Amsterdam, while also working part-time in the university’s pathology laboratory. He was a highly-regarded clinician and an excellent pathologist. Carol replaced with his own textbook the by then outdated work of Mendes da Costa. He accepted his appointment with a lecture entitled “Views and trends in the doctrine of eczema”. Controversially, Carol continued his work during the German occupation of the Second World War, perhaps partly as a consequence of his German background and training. Rather than resigning, as many of his colleagues did, Carol remained in office and even contributed to German medical literature. That the first edition of his Textbook of Dermatology (1944) was published in a period of paper shortage, has blemished his reputation almost as much as his willingness to continue working under the Nazis. In any case, immediately after the war, he was forced to resign and was replaced by Reijer Kooij until a new professor was appointed. Kooij, who had a special interest in leprosy, later became head at the Municipal Hospital of The Hague’s dermatology clinic, the only non-academic training facility of its type at the time. 29 Erythrokeratoderma variabilis. BWEADVSMGFINCORR:Opmaak 1 21-07-2014 17:39 Pagina 29