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7. Hermans DJ, van Beynum IM, van der Vijver RJ, et al. Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome: a new indication for propranolol treatment. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2011 May; 33(4):e171-3. doi: 10. 1097/MPH.0b013e3182152e4e. 8. Hermans DJ, Bauland CG, Zweegers J, et al. Propranolol in a case series of 174 patients with complicated infantile haemangioma: indications, safety and future directions. Br J Dermatol. 2013; 168(4): 837-43. doi: 10.1111/bjd. 12189. Biology of the skin Malten and his group developed and standardized new methods to study the skin barrier with non- invasive techniques. These new methods comprise transepidermal water vapour loss, electric resi- stance and impedance measurements.[1] The most impressive findings were the demonstration of decreased skin barrier function in atopic dermatitis and the description of chronic traumiterative eczema.[2] Malten also studied sweat gland functioning under standardized conditions comprising CO2 loss and trans-epidermal water vapor loss. Based on the measurements, a new model for thermoregulation of the sweat gland was proposed: the heat pipe principle.[3] Observations of the ‘resting’ sweat gland (i.e., one not secreting water onto the surface of the skin) indicate that the flow of liquid (and ions) in the sweat duct can take place from the skin surface to the gland. A model is proposed which caters for subsurface evaporation of sweat in the duct and condensation closer to the skin surface. This model is believed to be equivalent to the heat pipe, and the heat transported in each sweat duct may be quantified using the heat pipe theory. The predicted values are of the correct order of magnitude when compared with the resting human metabolism. In inflammatory skin diseases epidermal proliferation may occur. In psoriasis the acanthotic and parakeratotic epidermis is hyperproliferative. For many decades it has been supposed that the cell cycle times were decreased. These assumptions derived from auto-radiography. Epidermal cell charac- terization was carried out at Nijmegen department with sequential double immunoenzymic staining procedure using the monoclonal antibody anti-BrdUrd and Ki67.[4,5] Flowcytometric analyses of percentage cells in S, G2 and M phase and in vivo labeling with BrdUrd.[6,7] This revealed that the cell cycle time in psoriatic epidermis is normal and that the growth fraction is increased by an accelerated recruitment of cycling epidermal cells from the G0 compartment. In the early seventies, biochemistry and cytometry became important research areas. Paul D. Mier (1931-2014), who was appointed professor in 1990, and Frans W. Bauer are founders of cellular and subcellular research in dermatology, an area which gained international recognition for the Nijmegen department. Classical enzymology was applied to the skin and a wide series of enzymes were characterized. In particular, plasma membrane enzymes, enzymes involved in programmed cell death and lysosomal hydrolases were characterized. Lysosomal hydrolysis proved to be associated with the superficial layers of the epidermis, i.e. stratum granulosum.[8] Enzymes involved in phosphoinositol cycle are associated with the process of cell proliferation. 102 BWEADVSMGFINCORR:Opmaak 1 21-07-2014 17:40 Pagina 102