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ePaper created 2015-11-10, 17:27:36 | version 1.33.00
REDACTED Page 3 of 190 Table of Contents I. Introduction...................................................................................4 II. Jurisdiction...................................................................................8 A. Territorial and temporal jurisdiction ............................................8 B. Material jurisdiction of the Court .................................................8 1. Factual allegations .............................................................................................. 10 2. Groups and individuals involved in the commission of the crimes .................... 23 3. Contextual elements of the crime....................................................................... 23 a) An attack directed against any civilian population......................................... 24 b) Civilians as the primary target of the attack................................................... 54 c) State policy...................................................................................................... 56 e) Widespread and systematic nature of the attack............................................. 59 f) Nexus between the individual criminal acts and the attacks ........................... 60 III. Information submitted ............................................................... 61 A. Background.............................................................................. 61 1. The centralisation of the state since 1999........................................................... 61 a) The Presidency’s control over the Legislature since 1999.............................. 63 b) The Presidency’s control over the Judiciary and the Office of Public Prosecutions since 1999...................................................................................... 64 c) The Presidency’s control over the National Security Forces since 1999 ........ 72 d) The Creation of Two Militarized Militia Groups since 1999 (the Bolivarian National Militia and the Pro Government Armed Paramilitaries)..................... 74 e) The scope of repression since 2004................................................................. 80 2. The current structure of the State in Venezuela ................................................ 81 a) The Presidency under Nicolás Maduro, a continuation of the state structure established under Chávez................................................................................... 81 b) The Executive................................................................................................. 84 c) Other organs under the control of the Presidency.......................................... 86 (1) De Jure control of the Presidency over the National Armed Forces and the Internal Security Forces.................................................................................. 86 (2) De Jure control of the Presidency over the Intelligence Services .............. 91 (3) De Jure control of the Presidency over the Penitentiaries and other detention centres............................................................................................. 92 (4) De Facto control of the Presidency over the General Prosecutor and the Office of Public Prosecutions.......................................................................... 93 (5) De facto control of the Presidency over the Judiciary ............................... 98 (6) De facto control of the Presidency over the Pro Government Armed Paramilitaries................................................................................................ 102 (7) De facto control of the Presidency over the People Defender and the General Comptroller .................................................................................... 106 B. Underling acts constituting crimes against humanity ...................108 1. Murder as a crime against humanity................................................................ 108 2. Imprisonment as a crime against humanity ..................................................... 126 3. Torture as a crime against humanity................................................................ 148 4. Other inhumane acts as a crime against humanity .......................................... 161 5. Persecution as crime against humanity............................................................. 164 IV. Legal threshold for opening a preliminary examination .................187